Hypothesis of Memorisation Process

Bern Schmidt S; Eryn Rekgai; Muller G Hito

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Hypothesis of Memorisation Process

Bern Schmidt S^1*, Eryn Rekgai² and Muller G Hito²

¹Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
²Department of Psychology and Sports Science, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

*Corresponding author: Bern Schmidt, Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Email:

Received: 09 November, 2017; Accepted: 29 November, 2017; Published: 07 December, 2017

Citation: Schmidt B, Eryn R, Muller GH. (2017) Hypothesis of Memorisation Process. J Adv Res Biotech 2(3): 1-2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/2475-4714/2/3/00125

Introduction

The experience of our environment drives our perception and our learning capacity [1-7]. Recent findings demonstrated that, repetitive stimuli influenced the responses of neurons, as well as their learning process [8]. The most common learning mechanism is visual adaptation that allows neurons to acquire new property paralleling learning experience. Following a sine wave grating stimuli acting as reminder, there is a change over time in the response selectivity of neurons of the sensory system to this constant stimulus. It is usually recorded as a change in the preferred stimulus. For instance, for each neuron, the stimulation of its receptive field by a sine-wave grating presented in different orientations makes it possible to determine a preferred orientation; which is the orientation of the grating inducing the highest frequency of the action potentials [8]. However, following a period of adaptation to non-preferred orientation selectivity, the optimal orientation shift to a new value hence the neuron acquires a new selectivity. The displacement of this peak is named shift of orientation. This short-term plasticity process occurs almost immediately after stimulus presentation, within 1 minute; and most of neurons displayed shifts of peaks of oriented tuning curves. In addition to orientation in many animals, similar modifications of optimal stimuli were reported for direction, speed, spatial frequency [9-12].

Neurons exposed to a repeated visual stimulus at brief intervals exhibited weaker responses to the following stimulus in comparison to the initial stimulus. These changes in evoked firing are attributed to the dynamic balance between excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneuron, which interacts continuously to adjust responses to the current stimulus. The common methodology used by researchers, is some visual or auditory stimuli lasting enough to induce modification in the neuronal response. After stimuli, responses are estimate by the changes in the dynamic and the behavior of cortical neuronal responsiveness [12, 13]. Recently several authors reported that, when visual stimulation is made simultaneously with two following stimuli (both with different attributes) influencing the following parameters: variability of the responses (Fano Factor), the orientation selectivity index (OSI), the dynamic of the cell (Bandwidth); responses seemed more prominent [8].

Certainly, stimuli sequence changes the pattern of information coming from visual system, but whom impacts more the responses of neurons during this sequence: That is how the first stimulus influences the response to the following target? Here we hypothesized that, the effects of a first visual experience on responses of neurons left in memory during enough time to influences complex stimulation reported by Etindele Sosso and Al [5, 14-18]. This state of things may be validated with a multidisciplinary methodology, using invasive and non-invasive imaging technics to assess live side effects of synaptic modification. It can also be a way to understand how neurodegeneration appears, and how reverse them for some illnesses.

Conclusion

Current literature suggested that, a previous experience affects differentially the short-term plasticity of cortical population. Balance excitation-inhibition can me modified during a small window, to changes the functional responses of neurons and the local activity in V1. It is a strong confirmation of underlying mechanism of sensory-induced plasticity, driving by synaptic circuitry from primary visual cortex until brain structure involved in memorisation and encoding.

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