Letter to editor
Open Access
Activation of Monocyte-Macrophage Cells in Pregnancies
Complicated by Bacterial-Viral Urogenital Infections
L.A.Vygovskaya*
Candidate of Medical Science, Associate professor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Children
Gynecology, Kharkov National Medical University, 4 Lenina avenue, Kharkov 61022.
*Corresponding author: Liudmyla Anatolyevna Vygivska, Candidate of Medical Science, Associate professor at the Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology and Children Gynecology, Kharkov National Medical University, 4 Lenina avenue, Kharkov 61022, Tel: +380509675487 E-mail:
@
Received:November 01, 2016; Accepted:November 08, 2016;Published: November 19, 2016
Citation: L.A.Vygovskaya (2016) Activation of Monocyte-Macrophage Cells in Pregnancies
Complicated by Bacterial-Viral Urogenital Infections. SOJ Gynecol Obstet Womens
Health 3(1): 1 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/2381-2915/3/1/00115
AbstractTop
Introduction: Fetoplacental insufficiency and intrauterine
infection of the fetus are one of the triggers for various complications
of gestational process with persistent infections of the pregnant being
a special concern for obstetricians. Immunopathogenic mechanisms
play the leading role in the development of these complications.
Pregnancy is known to be characterized by a unique new equilibrium
state between specific and nonspecific immunity in the mother in
which monocytes, rather than lymphocytes become the central cells
of immunological adaptation.
The purpose of the study
Is to assess the changes in expression of the functional
molecules on the surface of monocytes in the 2nd-3rd trimesters
of gestation in the peripheral blood of pregnant women with
bacterial and viral infections of the lower portion of the urogenital
tract.
Materials and methods
The study implied an assessment of surface phenotype of
monocytes in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters in the pregnant with
bacterial and viral urogenital infections (UGI). The control
group involved patients with physiological pregnancy. UGI
diagnosis was based on a comprehensive assessment of clinical
presentation and laboratory findings. Infectious status of patients
was determined using bacteriological method, polymerase chain
reaction (PCR), and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Identification
of Ig A and Ig G to Cl. Trachomatis and chlamydial antigen was
considered to be the basis for diagnosis of chronic chlamydial
infection. Persistent herpes virus infection was diagnosed
following the detection of specific antibodies to HSV (I, II, VI),
and HSV DNA detection by PCR. Expression of surface markers
of monocyte/macrophage cells in the peripheral venous blood of the pregnant was assessed by flow cytophluorometry using sets
produced by Becton Dickinson, USA on flow cytometer facscan by
standard methods. We used FITC labeled monoclonal antibodies,
particularly anti-CD16, anti-CD25, anti-CD95 and phycoerythrinlabeled
anti-HLA-DR. Statistical data processing was carried
out using a general-purpose processing software Statistica for
Windows 6.1 (Russian version).
Main results
In the second trimester the study group was found to have
a reduction in CD16 + (p < 0.01), CD25 + (p < 0.02), CD95 + (p
< 0.05), and HLA-DR-monocytes (p < 0.05) compared with the
control group. CD95+ molecule is an apoptosis inducer which
means that its expression reduction on the surface of monocytes
in the second trimester of gestation may lead to inhibition of
apoptosis and disruption of adequate implantation due to lack
of dilatation of placental vessels, which results in deterioration
of placental circulation. CD16 +, being a third type Fc-receptor
component, mediates antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCT)
reaction, which can inhibit the function of foreign component or
infectious agent destruction in the pregnant. In the 3rd trimester
the patients were found to have an increase in CD16 +, CD95
+, HLA-DR + monocytes and a significant decrease in CD25+-
monocytes in pregnancies complicated by UGI. The increase in
CD95 + expression indicates an increase in apoptosis, which can
lead to impaired blood flow at the local level and contribute to the
“aging” of the placenta.
Conclusion
Increased expression of HLA-DR molecules on monocytes
in the 3rd trimester may indicate hyper-reactivity of the body
in the late period of gestation, enhancing cytotoxic potential of
the immune system, which can apparently cause morphological
changes in the placenta and, accordingly, its function disorders