International Journal of Vaccine Research

Evidence of breast cancer 1 and 2 genes and Estrogen receptor 1 one were found in the genome of the crinoïd : Antedon bifida( an ancestral Echinodermata) in a significant manner.

Key words : Invertebrate, Echinodermata, Antedon bifida, human oncologic marker genes.

Many investigations concerning the genome of Antedon bifida have been performed in our laboratory (Ref. 1, 2, 3). It seemed interesting to look for genes implicated in cancerology diagnosis which is a true problem of Human Society.

BRCA1, BRCA2, CASC8, CASC16, ESR1, CRP genes were mainly studied.They encode

for cancer susceptibility proteins as breast, ovarian cancers.

were obtained from « the station marine » of Roscoff (France)

Digestive coeca were excised from the A. bifida body.

A. bifida mRNA was obtained from Uptizol (Interchim). Quality control were operated.

Sequencing was made on Illumina Next Seq 500 with pairedend : 2. 75 bp. Transcriptome was assembled from RNA-Seq fastq files using Trinity v2.1.1 (Ref.4 with default parameters. A BLAST database was created with the assembled transcripts using makeblastdb application from ncbi-blast+ (v2.2.31+). The sequences of transcripts of interest were then blasted against this database using blastn application from ncbi-blast+ (Ref;5) with parameter word_size 7.

Evidence of BRCA1, BRCA2, ESR1 genes occur in Antedon bifida

we complete this table by giving the sequences of BRCA1, BRCA2 transcriptomes :

>TRINITY_DN19334_c8_g2_i1 (BRCA1)
5’TGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCCGAGGCGGGCGGATCACGAGGTCAGGAGATCGAGAC CATCCTGGCTAACACAGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTACTAAAAATACAAAAAATTAGCCGGGCG TGGTGGCGGGCGCCTGTAGTCCCAGCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATGGCGTGAA CCCGGGAGGCGGAGCTTGCAGTGAGCCGAGATCGCGCCACTGCACTCCAGCCTGGGCGAC AGAGCGAGACTCTGTCTCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 3’

>TRINITY_DN19334_c8_g1_i1 (BRCA2) 5’GTGCCTTAGAAATGCTGCATTATCCGGTGTATCACCTGAGGTCAGGAGTTCGAGACCAGC CTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTATTAAAAATACAAAAATTGGCCGGGCGCGGTG GCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCTGAGGTGGGTGGATCACCTGAGGTCAG GAGTTCGAGACCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCGTCTCTATTAAAAATACAAAAAT TGGCCGGGCGCGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCC 3’’

At last, the sequence of ESR1 is shown

>TRINITY_DN20534_c0_g1_i5 (ESR1) 5’CGAAGTGTTGGTGATATATTGACATTAATTTAAATTATTTCAGAAGACAATATTTCTGTA GGCAATGTTAGCACATCAAGCATCATCAAAACGGAAGCTACAAACGGTGATGTAGCAACA TATCAGCAGCATTCTAAAACACATCAGACATCGCACCAGCAGCACAAGCATACAACGCCA AGACATCGAACTTTTAGTACGACAAGTCGTCATGCCGATGAACCGGAATGGAAAGAAGTG AAAGATCATCCACATGTCACAAAAATATGTCTACCACTGCAGATTTTATCATCAGTATTT GGTGCATTCGCGCATGGTGGAAATGACATTAGTAACGCCATAGGACCATTCGTGGCATTG TGGGTCATTTACACAACCGGTGATGTCCAACAAGAGGAACCAGTTGCAATCTGGATTCTA GTTTATGGATCAGCTGGCGTAGCAGTCGGATTGTGGGTACTTGGGAAAAGAGTTATTGAG ACAGTTGGCGAGGACTTAACACCATTAACGGTTTCAAGTGCGTTTACAATTGAACTTGGT TCAGCAACAACCGTTCTAGTTGCCTCCAACCTGGGAATACCAATAAGCACAACGCATTGT AAAGTAGGATCAGTGGTTGCCGTCGGATGGGTGAGAACAAAAACAGCAGTTGATTGGAAG TTGTTCTATGGCATAATTGCAGCCTGGATCATCACACTTCCTGCCACTGTTGGTCTTAGT GCTCTGTCGATGTTCCTGCTTCAGAAAACTGTAGTGTGAACAGAGTTGGATTTTAATAAT GGTGGTATGATAACATAAGTCGTATCATATTATGTTTTACCAGGAATACATAGGAATATC CGGTAATACAAGGTCATGTGTGGCACAAGTGTGGCTGTATCATGTAAGGTTAAGAGATGA GTATGGCCTATGATACTAGGCAATACATGTGGAGTCCATGTGATGCTGTATTACCAAATA TCCATGTGATACTGGGAAAATTTAGATAGAACAGAGAATCGGGTGCCTGTTTTGAAAATT CCAATCCATAAGAAAAACAAAAAGCCAGTAGCCTATGTTCCACACAATGCAGAATTCAGC AACTTTATTATTATGTATTACAGGAAGCTAATATGGAATTAATAAGAGGGGAGGTTATTG TATATACGATTGATTGGTATTCCCTAGTGACTGAGGGTATAGATGCCCGGATATTGGCTG ATGTCTGTCTTTGATGGTTAATGCATCCCTGGCCCATCAAAAATGATTGCAGATAATAAA AGTTAACAATGATCTGAACAGTATCGACTGTAACCTGTCGACGTCAGGATAAGAAATGGG GAGGCAGTGAACAAGTAATTGGGAGAATTATCTGTAATTTTATTTTATCACTTTCTGATG TACTGTACAAGTGCATATTGCACAATCCAAAATTTAAATTTAAAAAAAAAATCATCATAA TATATTGTATATGCATTAAAACAAATACTTATATAGATAATAGTAATTTTTTTAAATTAC ATTTTTTGTAAATGCAATACTTGTCTCTGAGAAGAATTATACTATTGTTGATCTAAAGTT AGTTATACCTTCATAATAAATTTGATAACATTAAAACAATAAATAGAATGTATCTATATG TGCTTCTTTATAATGGTAATTGAGTCAATATTTGAATTTAGCAAACTTCAACAGACTGCA CAAACTGTGATGCTTGAGTACAAAATATCTCGATGGTAAAAATCATGTGACAAGGTGTTC TTGTAAAATTAGTTAACATTTCAGTAAAATCCGAAAAAAAAAACAACATTTTTACTGGTC CTCTTACGAGAGACTGATCTACTACCTTTATTCTATTATTACTTCTATTTAATTAAATAC TACTAAAACTGTATAATCCATAATCACATTAAACCCTTCTAGTTTTTTTTTTCATTTTTA CTTAAATGTATTAATTTTGTTTTTTTGGAAGTAGAAATGTGACAACCATCAGCTCAAATC CAACTTGTTAAACATGCATTATTATTGGATTCAATAAAAAAAGAAGAATATATTTAAATA CACCGTATTTTACTTCAGTTTGTGCCTTACATAAGGTATTTTGAAAATACCTTACTACTT AAAATATAATACCTTACAGTGGTACTACAAATAAACCAAACCTTTGCTAAATCAAATTAC GAAAAGTAATCTATTAATTGATTCTCAGAATACTAAAATTAGTAAATCCTTTAATCCTAA CCATATTTCCTAAAACCACCAAGGAAAAATTACAAATGTGCCAAGGATTACTCAGATTTA ATAAAAAAATACAGTATATGTACAGTACAAGTTAAATTTTAGTTTAAAATGAAAATAATT GATTGAACGGGTTAAAAATCTTTCAGTTGTTACAAGTTTGTGCCATATGACCCTACTAAC CAATTGAATACAACTGTGGAAGCTGATTATATAATTAACCAGCAAATTAATTTCTAAGAA ATCCCATAGTTCTTGTACCAATCTGTATATTACATTGTTGTCAGGCTTTGAAGATAGGTA TCGCGGCATGGAAGGTCATCTGCAGGTCGGAAATGTGCTTTCCAGACAGGTTCACCAACA AACAATCGCATAGCTTGTATGTAATTCTTTGTATCCAAGGTGAAGCGATGGTATATTCCT GCAGGCAACACAATCAGGTCGTTCTTCTCCACGGCAATTCTCACCCAACGTTCATCCCGA TCTCTAAAATCAAAGTAACCACTTCCATCCAGAACAAACCGAATCTCCTCATCCGTATGA AGATGTTCCTCGAAAAAAGATTTTATTTTTTCTTCATAATTGGGAAGTTTCTCTGGAGAA ACAGTTATACAATCTTCATAGGAATATCCTCTTTCTTTGCGTATTTTGTCAAGCAACCCT TCTTTTTTGTAATTTTCTGCATCTACCAGCCAATATTTTATACCATGTGAATCCAAATAG TCTAAATCCAACATTTGCACAGGCTCTAGATGGTGTTCAAGGCGTTGATCTTTTTCTTTA TCATTATCCATAAACCAGGCTTTCACCATGTTGACGACTTTTAGTAGACCTATTAGGCCC AAAGTATCTTTGATTCAGTCGGAGAGCCGCGTTGGGAAATATGAC3

In humans, BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes can be considered as oncologic markers. It is said that mutations of these genes are more common in certain ethnic populations than others ; they increase a woman’s risk of breast and ovarian cancer.

As for ESR1 gene, it encodes an estrogen receptor, a ligand activated transcription factor, composed of several domains important for hormone binding.

To find such genes in an invertebrate remains enigmatic but seems interesting from a point of view of the phylogeny of proteins and genomics

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