Keywords: Betana; avifauna; wetland; Icthyophaga humilis; Leptoptilos javanicus; Terai
the forest area F1 (west) and forest area F2 (east), wetland area W1 (east) and wetland area W2 (west) of Betana wetland area. Four line transects were set along the two forests sampling areas (F1 and F2) and two wetland areas (W1 and W2). Each pocket was used as the reference points for the point count method. Observations of birds were carried out on each 50m radius of each pocket.
S.No |
Order |
Family |
Common name |
Scientific name |
Local name |
SS |
AB |
1 |
Accipitriformes |
Accipitridae |
Black kite |
Milvus migrans (Boddaert,1783) |
Kalocheel |
WV |
UC |
2 |
Accipitriformes |
Accipitridae |
Grey-headed Fish eagle |
Icthyophaga humilis a |
Machha-kul |
R |
O |
3 |
Accipitriformes |
Pandionidae |
Osprey |
Pandion haliaetus (Linnaeus,1758) |
Malaha cheel |
WV |
UC |
4 |
Accipitriformes |
Accipitridae |
Crested Serpent Eagle |
Spilornis cheela |
Kakakul |
R |
UC |
5 |
Anseriformes |
Anatidae |
Common Teal |
Anas crecca |
Vijula Gairi |
WV |
C |
6 |
Anseriformes |
Dendroygnidae |
Lesser Whistling Duck |
Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield, 1821) |
Silsile |
WV |
UC |
7 |
Bucerotiformes |
Upupidae |
Common Hoopoe |
Upupa epops |
Fafre chara |
R |
FC |
8 |
Charadriiformes |
Charadriidae |
Red- wattled Lapwig |
Vanellusindicus (Boddaert,1783) |
Huttityaun |
R |
C |
9 |
Charadriiformes |
Jacanidae |
Bronze-winged Jacana |
Metopidiusindicus |
Lama aunle |
R |
FC |
10 |
Ciconiiformes |
Ciconiidae |
Lesser Adjutant |
Leptoptilos javanicus b (Horsfield,1821) |
Bhundifor garud |
R |
O |
11 |
Ciconiiformes |
Ciconiidae |
Asian Open bill |
Anastomus oscitans (Boddaert,1783) |
Ghungifor garud |
SV |
UC |
12 |
Columbiformes |
Columbidae |
Rock Pigeon |
Columba livia |
Parewa |
R |
FC |
13 |
Columbiformes |
Columbidae |
Spotted dove |
Streptopelia chinensis |
Kurle dhukur |
R |
FC |
14 |
Columbiformes |
Columbidae |
Eurasian Collared Dove |
Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldszky, 1838) |
Kanthe dhukur |
R |
FC |
15 |
Coraciiformes |
Alcedinidae |
Stork-billed Kingfisher |
Halcyon capinsis (Linnaeus,1766) |
Thulomatikore |
R |
O |
16 |
Coraciiformes |
Coraciidae |
Dollar bird |
Eurystomus orientalis (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Lal chuche theuwa |
SV |
O |
17 |
Coraciiformes |
Alcedinidae |
White-throated Kingfisher |
Halcyon smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758) |
Setokanthematikore |
R |
O |
18 |
Coraciiformes |
Meropidae |
Chestnut-headed Bee-eater |
Merops leschenaultia (Linnaeus,1758) |
Katus tauke Murali chara |
SV |
UC |
19 |
Cuculiformes |
Cuculidae |
Indian Cuckoo |
Cuculus micropterus (Gould, 1838) |
Kaphal pakyo |
SV |
O |
20 |
Cuculiformes |
Cuculidae |
Greater Couckal |
Centropus sinensis |
Dhade gokul |
WV |
C |
21 |
Gruiformes |
Rallidae |
White-brested Waterhen |
Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant, 1769) |
Sim kukhura |
R |
FC |
22 |
Passeriformes |
Corvidae |
Large-billed Crow |
Corvus macrorhynchos (Wagler,1827) |
Kalokag |
R |
C |
23 |
Passeriformes |
Corvidae |
Rufous Treepie |
Dendrocitta vagabunda (Latham,1790) |
Kokale |
R |
O |
24 |
Passeriformes |
Corvidae |
House Crow |
Corvus splendens |
Gharkag |
R |
FC |
25 |
Passeriformes |
Dicuridae |
Black Drongo |
Dicrurus macrocercus |
Kalochibe |
R |
FC |
26 |
Passeriformes |
Dicuridae |
Crow billed Drongo |
Dicrurus annectans (Hodgson,1838) |
Kagthude chibe |
SV |
FC |
27 |
Passeriformes |
Dicuridae |
Geater Racket-tailed Drongo |
Dicrurus paradiseus |
Bhimraj chibe |
R |
C |
28 |
Passeriformes |
Oriolidae |
Golden Oriole |
Oriolus oriolus |
Gajale sunchari |
SV |
UC |
29 |
Passeriformes |
Oriolidae |
Black- headed Oriole |
Oriolus xanthornus |
Kalotauke sunchari |
R |
UC |
30 |
Passeriformes |
Sturnidae |
Common Myna |
Acridotheres tristis |
Dangrerupi |
R |
FC |
31 |
Passeriformes |
Sturnidae |
Asian Pied Starling |
Gracupica contra |
Danger saraun |
R |
FC |
32 |
Passeriformes |
Laniidae |
Long-tailed Shrike |
Lanius schach |
Bhadrai |
WV |
UC |
33 |
Passeriformes |
Passeridae |
House Sparrow |
Passer domesticus (Linnaeus,1758) |
Bhagera |
R |
FC |
34 |
Passeriformes |
Pycnonotidae |
Red-vented Bulbul |
Pycnonotus cafer |
Jureli |
R |
FC |
35 |
Passeriformes |
Muscicapidae |
Oriental Magpie Robin |
Copsychus saularis |
Dhobi chara |
R |
FC |
36 |
Passeriformes |
Leiothrichidae |
Jungle Babbler |
Turdoides striata |
Bagale vyakur |
R |
C |
37 |
Pelicaniformes |
Ardeidae |
Indian Pond Heron |
Ardeola grayii |
Askote bakulla |
R |
FC |
38 |
Pelicaniformes |
Ardeidae |
Purple Heron |
Ardea purpurea (Linnaeus,1766) |
Dhyani bakulla |
WV |
O |
39 |
Pelicaniformes |
Ardeidae |
Great egret |
Ardea alba |
Thulo seto bakulla |
R |
C |
40 |
Pelicaniformes |
Ardeidae |
Cattle egret |
Bubulcus ibi |
Bastu bakulla |
R |
C |
41 |
Pelicaniformes |
Ardeidae |
Intermediate Egret |
Ardea intermedia |
Sano bakulla |
R |
C |
42 |
Pelicaniformes |
Threskiornithidae |
Black ibis |
Pseudibus papillosa (Temminck,1824) |
Karra sawari |
WV |
O |
43 |
Piciformes |
Megalaimidae |
Blue-throated Barbet |
Megalaima asiatica |
Kuthukre |
R |
O |
44 |
Piciformes |
Picidae |
Fulvous-brested woodpecker |
Dendrocopos macei |
Kastha kut |
R |
C |
45 |
Psittaciformes |
Psittacidae |
Rose-ringed Parakeet |
Psittacula krameri |
Kanthe suga |
R |
C |
46 |
Strigiformes |
Strigidae |
Spotted Owlet |
Athene brama |
Laatkosero |
R |
C |
47 |
Strigiformes |
Strigidae |
Jungle Owlet |
Glaucidium radiatum |
Dundul |
R |
C |
48 |
Strigiformes |
Strigidae |
Brawn Hawk Owl |
Ninox scutulata |
Kaal pechak |
R |
O |
49 |
Suliformes |
Phalacrocoracidae |
Little Cormorant |
Phalacrocorax niger |
Saano jalewa |
WV |
FC |
In the previous study, Out of 55 species, 44 species were resident, five species were winter visitor and six species were summer visitor but this time, out of 49 species, 34 species were resident (70%), nine species (18%) were winter visitor and six species (12%) were summer visitor. Four more species of winter visitor birds were recorded this time.
- Ali S, Ripley SD. Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. 1986;5:1-278. Oxford UniversityPress.
- Birdlife Nepal. Accessed 20th Aug 2018.
- Fleming RL(Sr.), Fleming RL (Jr.), Bangdel LS . Birds of Nepal with reference to Kashmir and Sikkim. First Adarsh Impression, Gaurav Offset, Delhi. 2000.
- Grimmet R, Inskipp C, Inskipp T. Birds of Nepal. Helm Field Guide. Prakash Books, New Delhi. 2000.
- Grimmet R, Inskipp C, Inskipp T, Baral HS .Birds of Nepal, Helm Field Guide. Revised edition, Christopher Helm, London. 2016.
- Hutto RL, Pletscher SM, Hendricks P. A fixed- radius point count method for nonbreeding and breeding season use. Auk. 1986;103:593-602.
- Hollis GE, Holland MM, Larson JS. Wise use of wetlands. J. Nature and Resource. 1998;24(1):2-13.
- Pradhan P. A pocket photo guide to the birds of Nepal. Falcon Publication, Singapore. 2017:1-268.
- Rai SK. Algal flora of Betana wetland, Morang, Nepal. J. Nepalese Journal of Bioscience. 2011;1:104-113.
- Shrestha TK. Birds of Nepal. Field ecology. J. Natural History and Conservation. 2000;1:287.
- Subba BR, Chhetri DC. Study of fauna of Betana village development committee, Morang, Nepal. A report submitted to APEC, Biratnagar. 2005.
- Pokharel U. Diversity and conservation status of birds of Betana wetland area, Belbari, Morang, Nepal. M.Sc. Unpublished Thesis. Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. 2015.
- Surana R, Subba BR, Limbu KP. Avian diversity during rehabilitation stage of Chimdi Lake, Sunsari, Nepal. J. Our Nature.2007; 5:75-80.