2Arsi Zonal Health Office, Ethiopia
Method: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted and Simple random sampling method was used to obtain the study participants. Data was collected using a structured selfadministered questionnaire, entered in to EPI data version 3.1and analyzed using SPSS version20. Associations for statistical significance were assessed using the ‘chi square’ test of association. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results: The overall level of job satisfaction among nurses who work in operation theater was 48% room from the total participant 8(8.16%) of the respondents were satisfied 39 (39.8%) moderately satisfied whereas the rest 52% was dissatisfied. Type hospital was the only variable that is significantly associated with job satisfaction.
Conclusion: The overall level of job satisfaction among nurses work in operation theater room was low Accordingly, working at operating room, type hospital were significantly associated with satisfaction of nurses working in the operating room.
Key words: Operating room; Job satisfaction
It is the degree to which employees have positive effective orientation towards employment by an organization. Job satisfaction has been conceptualized both globally (general satisfaction with job) and dimensionally (satisfaction with specific dimension of job such as remuneration, promotion and relation with colleagues). Job satisfaction has been linked to health worker motivation, stress burnout, absenteeism, intention to leave, and turnover [2]. Many studies have shown that job satisfaction can be influenced by a wide variety of factors such as Salary, working environment, opportunities for personal and professional development, manageable workload, effective supervision, recognition, perceptible progress of patient care outcome, positive relationships with co-workers, autonomy, and contingent rewards [4-6].
Professional nurses play a vital role it the provision of health care globally in emergence department .The performance of heath care worker, including professional nurse , link closely to productivity and quality of care provision with health care organization. It was important to identify factors influencing the performance of professional nurse if the quality of health care delivery was too improved [17]. Different study at different parts of the world point out the importance of job satisfaction to an organization, profession, professionals and care consumers [18- 22]. The shortage of nurses and job dissatisfaction is a worldwide phenomenon including Ethiopia. Identifying satisfaction level and associated factors among nurses working in the operating theatre enable interventional measures are taken to improve the retention rate; it will improve nurse’s work performance leading to better quality care to patient [19]. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of job satisfaction and associated factors among nurses working in the operating theatre at government hospitals.
The level of job satisfaction was interpreted using a mean score for each factor. Accordingly, the mean score of four and above was taken as being satisfied for each factor while the mean score of below four was classified as being dissatisfied. The overall levels of job satisfaction among nurses work in operation room was classified as being dissatisfied if the sum of the scores for the different factors is between 20-60, while 61-80 is moderate and 81–120 is satisfied.
Moderate satisfied: If overall score for job satisfaction Score is 61-80 [33]
Dissatisfied: If overall score for job satisfaction Score is below 60 [33]
Socio Demographic Variables |
No |
Percent (%) |
|
Gender |
Male |
42 |
42.85 |
Female |
56 |
57.14 |
|
Age in Years |
≤ 30 |
29 |
29.6 |
31 - 40 |
54 |
55.1 |
|
≥ 41 |
15 |
15.3 |
|
Marital status |
Single |
38 |
38.8 |
Married |
57 |
58.2 |
|
Working experience in years |
<1 |
7 |
7.1 |
5-Jan |
68 |
69.4 |
|
10-Jun |
20 |
20.4 |
|
>10 |
3 |
3.1 |
|
Educational qualification |
Diploma |
55 |
56.1 |
BSC |
43 |
43.9 |
|
Part time Job |
Yes |
6 |
6.1 |
No |
92 |
93.9 |
|
Working hours per week |
≤ 50 hrs |
19 |
19.4 |
51-60 hrs |
35 |
35.7 |
|
61-70 hrs |
28 |
28.6 |
|
71-80 hrs |
13 |
13.3 |
|
>81hrs |
3 |
3.1 |
|
Type of hospital |
Teaching |
27 |
27.6 |
General |
13 |
13.3 |
|
District |
58 |
59.2 |
Factors of Satisfaction |
Overall Mean + SD |
The availability of resource and supplies |
2.17±0.800 |
Helping others |
4.46±0.943 |
Surgeons’ attitudes towards Nurses working in the operating theatre |
3.65±1.500 |
Public awareness about the role of OR Nurse |
3.31±1.16 |
Opportunities for advancement |
3.84±1.571 |
Opportunity for training or education |
1.36±0.503 |
Salary |
3.20±1.535 |
Workload |
3.95±1.179 |
Providing Quality patient care |
4.06±1.120 |
Patient care outcome |
3.95±1.170 |
The amount of responsibilities given as a nurse working in operating theatre |
3.94±1.208 |
Physical working place conditions |
4.18±1.263 |
The assistance you have in the operating room |
3.70±1.057 |
The freedom to choose your own method of working |
3.77±1.110 |
Your status as a healthcare professional |
4.06±1.291 |
The recognition you get for good work |
3.98±1.065 |
Remunerations |
3.24±1.104 |
Hazard allowance for nurse in OR |
1.93±.259 |
Your feelings about job itself |
2.85±1.319 |
Characteristics |
Level of satisfaction |
P-value |
df |
||
Satisfied |
Dissatisfied |
||||
Sex |
Male |
18 |
24 |
0.381 |
1 |
Female |
29 |
27 |
|||
Age |
≤ 30 |
9 |
20 |
0.093 |
2 |
31 – 40 |
30 |
24 |
|||
≥ 41 |
8 |
7 |
|||
Marital status |
Single |
19 |
21 |
0.94 |
1 |
Married |
28 |
30 |
|||
work experience (years ) |
<1 |
3 |
4 |
0.649 |
3 |
5-Jan |
31 |
37 |
|||
10-Jun |
12 |
8 |
|||
>10 |
1 |
2 |
|||
Educational qualification |
Diploma |
28 |
20 |
0.128 |
1 |
Bsc |
19 |
31 |
|||
Part time Job |
Yes |
2 |
4 |
0.459 |
1 |
No |
45 |
47 |
|||
working hours per week |
≤ 50 |
5 |
14 |
0.09 |
4 |
51-60 |
20 |
15 |
|||
61-70 |
15 |
13 |
|||
71-80 |
7 |
6 |
|||
>81 |
0 |
3 |
|||
Type of hospital |
Teaching |
14 |
13 |
0.041* |
2 |
General |
2 |
11 |
|||
District |
31 |
27 |
Job characteristic |
Overall Level of satisfaction |
P –value |
df |
|
Satisfied |
Dissatisfied |
|||
The availability of resource and supplies |
4 |
43 |
0.614 |
2 |
3 |
48 |
|||
Helping others |
47 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
12 |
39 |
|||
Surgeons’ attitudes towards OR Nurse |
37 |
10 |
0.013 |
4 |
28 |
23 |
|||
Public awareness about the role of OR Nurse |
33 |
14 |
0 |
5 |
15 |
36 |
|||
Opportunities for advancement |
30 |
17 |
0.14 |
5 |
25 |
26 |
|||
Opportunity for training or education |
3 |
44 |
0.357 |
5 |
6 |
45 |
|||
Salary |
27 |
20 |
0.017 |
4 |
17 |
34 |
|||
Total working hours |
36 |
11 |
0.061 |
5 |
30 |
21 |
|||
Providing good quality of patient care |
43 |
4 |
0.001 |
5 |
32 |
19 |
|||
Patient outcome |
40 |
7 |
0.004 |
5 |
30 |
21 |
|||
The amount of responsibilities you are given |
41 |
6 |
0 |
5 |
28 |
23 |
|||
Physical working place conditions |
38 |
9 |
0.003 |
5 |
27 |
24 |
|||
The assistance you have in operating room |
36 |
11 |
0.024 |
4 |
28 |
23 |
|||
The freedom to choose your own method of working |
39 |
8 |
0 |
5 |
25 |
26 |
|||
Your status as a healthcare professional |
37 |
10 |
0.034 |
5 |
30 |
21 |
|||
The recognition you get for good work |
41 |
6 |
0.01 |
5 |
33 |
18 |
|||
Remunerations for personal protective equipment |
24 |
23 |
0.075 |
5 |
17 |
34 |
|||
Hazard allowance for nurse in OR |
6 |
41 |
0.041 |
4 |
1 |
49 |
|||
House allowance |
2 |
45 |
0.51 |
3 |
1 |
50 |
|||
Your feelings about job itself |
17 |
30 |
0.171 |
5 |
The commonest reasons given for job satisfaction according to this study were the helping others (87.8%) providing good quality of patient care (76.5%), the recognition you get for good work (75.5%), Patient outcome (71.4%), the amount of responsibilities you are given (70.4%). That agrees with the findings of Singh et al. who reported that anesthetists appreciated the good quality of patient care and intellectual stimulation as well as enjoyed the interaction with anesthesia colleagues and magic of anesthesia. [43]
A study at Jimma university specialized hospital showed that (46.2%) of the health workers are dissatisfied with their job. The major reasons reported for their dissatisfaction were lack of motivation, inadequate salary, insufficient training opportunities and inadequate number of human resources. The rest 57.8% respondents were satisfied with their job, the major reasons given were getting satisfaction from helping others and professional gratification. Suggestion given by the respondents to improve job satisfaction and increase retention rate included motivation of staff through different incentives such us bonus, house allowance, salary increment, establishing good administration management system and improving hospital facilities and infrastructure.[41]
In Ethiopia the related categories of study were not conducted in operation theater department and other department job satisfaction or dissatisfaction of nurse but generally, Ethiopia health service organization and management was studied from 1995-2000 E.c for all health profession job satisfaction and dissatisfaction including nursesthe finding indicated satisfaction from helping others and profession gratification and the majority of respondents dissatisfied due to low salary, inadequate opportunity for further education, inadequate facility and supplies [18, 19] respectively.
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