Review Article
Open Access
EECLA: Energy-Efficient Cross Layer Approach
Rakesh Kumar Saini*
*Department of Computer Application, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India.
*Corresponding author:Dr. Rakesh Kumar Saini, Department of Computer Application, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India; E-mail:@
Received: May 2, 2019; Accepted: June 12, 2019; Published: June 15, 2019
Citation: Rakesh Kumar S (2019) EECLA: Energy-Efficient Cross Layer Approach. J Comp Sci Appl Inform Technol. 4(1): 1-5. DOI: 10.15226/2474-9257/4/1/00142
AbstractTop
Energy efficiency of sensor nodes in wireless sensor network
is most important issue because sensor nodes in wireless sensor
network consist limited energy-efficiency. Thus our focus to improve
the energy-efficiency of sensor nodes. Many researchers have
proposed many techniques for improving energy-efficiency of sensor
nodes like Clustering routing protocols, Cross layer modification
technique and others routing protocols. Cross layer modification
technique is best solution for improve energy-efficiency of sensor
nodes in wireless sensor network. Cross layer modification technique
can share resources between layers and it provides communication
between layers. By using cross-layer approach data can be exchanged
from one layer to any other layer. In this paper we propose an Energyefficient
cross layer approach (EECLA). EECLA will increase energy of
sensor nodes in wireless sensor network.
Key words: Cross-layer approach; Wireless Sensor Network; Sensor network;
Key words: Cross-layer approach; Wireless Sensor Network; Sensor network;
IntroductionTop
Wireless sensor network is collection of various sensor
nodes that are used to monitor specific area. Sensor node is an
electronic device that is made by four basic components that
are - Power unit, Transceiver unit, Sensing unit, processing unit.
Sensor nodes have limited energy and others resources. In the
recent years, many research works have been presented for
wireless sensor networks which are based on energy-efficiency of
sensor nodes. Sensor nodes are small electronic devices that are
used to monitor physical and environmental condition such as
temperature, vibration, sound and so on. Due to limited energyefficiency
of sensor nodes, sensor nodes do not work properly
in distributed environment so there is requirement of energyefficient
technique that should increase energy of sensor nodes
in wireless sensor network. In Survey we find many techniques
of improving energy-efficiency of sensor nodes these techniques
are
Clustering routing techniques
Many Clustering routing techniques have been proposed for
energy-efficiency in WSN in the last few years. Clustering routing
techniques are used for improve energy-efficiency of sensor
nodes in wireless sensor network. These techniques are LEACH
(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), LEACH-C (Low-
Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy-centralized), PEGASIS
(Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems), HEED
(Hybrid, Energy-Efficient, and Distributed), EEPSC (Energy-
Efficient Protocol with Static Clustering).
Routing Protocols
Many Routing protocols are used for improve energyefficiency
in wireless sensor network such as AODV (Ad hoc
On-Demand Distance Vector), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing),
Bellman Ford. These routing protocols are used for routing
information between sensor nodes and base station.
Cross-layer Modification Technique
Cross layer modification technique is one of the most popular
techniques for improving energy-efficiency of sensor nodes in
wireless sensor network. Cross-layer modification technique
allows communication between layers non-adjacently. Crosslayer
modification technique can share resources between layers.
In the above Energy-efficient techniques, Cross-layer modification technique is more energy-efficient as compare to clustering routing protocols and others routing protocols. Cross-layer modification technique is one of the solution of improve energy-efficiency of sensor nodes in wireless sensor network because Cross-layer modification techniques combine the recourses and create a network that is highly adaptive. In this paper we proposed Energy-Efficient Cross Layer Approach (EECLA). EECLA is more energy-efficient as compare to other Energy-efficient technique in wireless sensor network.
In the above Energy-efficient techniques, Cross-layer modification technique is more energy-efficient as compare to clustering routing protocols and others routing protocols. Cross-layer modification technique is one of the solution of improve energy-efficiency of sensor nodes in wireless sensor network because Cross-layer modification techniques combine the recourses and create a network that is highly adaptive. In this paper we proposed Energy-Efficient Cross Layer Approach (EECLA). EECLA is more energy-efficient as compare to other Energy-efficient technique in wireless sensor network.
Cross layer Modification
Cross-layer modification is an approach which provides
interaction between layers one after another. In Cross layer
design (Figure.1), any layer can communicate from any other
layer. Physical layer directly communicate from Network layer
Similarly Data Link layer communicate from Transport layer
and Network layer can communicate from Application layer. In
Traditional layer approach this facility was not available means
we cannot communicate directly from any other layer. Cross layer
modification provide facility in which we can share recourses
between layers.
Figure 1:Cross Layer Design
Related Work
Many researchers studied the necessity and possibility of
taking advantages of cross layer design to improve the Energy-
Efficiency of sensor nodes in Wireless sensor network. There is
a considerable amount of surveys that discuss WSN technologies
in general [1-7].Energy-Efficient Communication, Munish gupta
et al. have proposed a Cross-layer modification technique which
improve energy-efficiency of sensor nodes [8-18]. Proposed
Cross-layer modification approach implement on lower three
layers (PHYSICAL LAYER, MAC LAYER, and NETWORK LAYER) [9].
Have proposed an ARM (adaptive routing metric) which increases
energy-efficiency of sensor nodes for various applications of
wireless sensor network. Proposed approach performs better for
average-end to end delay factor and control interference between
sensor nodes in wireless sensor network [10]. Have proposed a
Cross-layer approach which provide many solutions of energy
improvement and compute sub optional solution for improvement
energy-efficiency of sensor nodes in wireless sensor network [11].
Have proposed an Algorithm at layers which improve energyefficiency
and control throughput in wireless sensor network
[12]. have proposed a cross-layer design approach which control
routing of data between sensor nodes and base station. Proposed
approach performs well in distributed environment and control
network resources [13]. Has proposed a cross layer at the MAC
Layer for improve energy-efficiency. Proposed approach is more
energy-efficient as compare to other cross layer approach at MAC
Layer [14]. have proposed a cross layer algorithm (CLA) which
control power efficiency of sensor nodes in wireless sensor
network.CLA Provides equal distribution of energy between
sensor nodes and perform well for improving energy-efficiency
of sensor nodes in wireless sensor network [15]. Have proposed
a cross-layer approach which is based on MAC layer. Proposed
cross-layer approach control data transmission between sensor
nodes [16]. Have proposed a Lightweight congestion aware
reliable Transport Protocol (LCART).LCART performs well for
throughput, Average end to end delay [17]. Have proposed
a cross-layer approach which improves the communication
performance between sensor nodes and base station [18]. have
proposed a cross-layer approach which saves energy-efficiency
of sensor nodes in wireless sensor network.
Proposed EECLA
In this paper, we proposed an Energy-efficient cross layer
approach (EECLA).In proposed EECLA we are focusing on
lower four layers, Transport layer, Network layer, MAC layer,
Physical layer. Proposed Energy-Efficient Cross Layer Approach
(EECLA) is more energy-efficient as compare to existing Cross
layer approach. Proposed EECLA focus on Energy-Efficiency of
sensor nodes in wireless sensor network. Proposed EECLA is
shown in Figure 2.In Proposed EECLA we are using a Resources
Sharing Controller (RSC) which shares the resources between
layers. By using RSC each layer can exchange data from any other
layers directly. Proposed EECLA works on Congestion control
at Transport layer, Routing control at Network layer, Schedule
control at MAC layer and Transmission control at Physical layer.
(Figure 2)
Figure 2:Energy-Efficient Cross Layer Approach
Simulation of Proposed EECLA
We create a simulation environment for analysis performance
of proposed EECLA. For this simulation we are using Qualnet 5.0.2
simulation tool. We are using some parameters in this simulation.
Table1 show the parameters. Figure 3 & 4 Shows Simulation
environments in which some sensor nodes are cooperate pass
their data to others sensor nodes.
Figure.5 Shows total packets sent from one network to another network by some source sensor nodes.Figure.6 Shows total packets received from one network to another network by some destination sensor nodes. There are we are using EECLA for improve energy-efficiency of sensor nodes. So there are sending nodes are equal to received sensor nodes. So we can say that there is no loss of packets sending from one network to another network. Figure 5 & 6
Figure.5 Shows total packets sent from one network to another network by some source sensor nodes.Figure.6 Shows total packets received from one network to another network by some destination sensor nodes. There are we are using EECLA for improve energy-efficiency of sensor nodes. So there are sending nodes are equal to received sensor nodes. So we can say that there is no loss of packets sending from one network to another network. Figure 5 & 6
Figure 3:Simulation Environment
Figure 4:Running Simulation
Table 1: Simulation Parameters
Parameter |
Value |
Buffer Size |
1024 |
Terrain Range |
100m x 100m |
No. of nodes |
20 |
Frequencies |
2.4GHz |
Traffic Type |
CBR |
Channel Type |
Wireless channel |
Protocols |
AODV |
Figure 5:Total packets sent from one network to another network
Figure 6:Total packets received from one network to another network
ConclusionsTop
In this paper, we have proposed an energy-efficient cross
layer approach (EECLA) for improve energy-efficiency of sensor
nodes in wireless sensor network. Proposed EECLA is using
a Resources Sharing Controller (RSC) for sharing resources
between Transport layer, Network layer, MAC layer and Physical
layer. By using RSC every layer can exchange data from any other
layer. We are focusing Congestion control at Transport layer,
Routing control at Network layer, Schedule control at MAC Layer
and Transmission control at Physical layer. In Proposed EECLA,
Resources Sharing Controller (RSC) handles all activities between
layers and make schedule for sensor nodes that are sending data
to base station. Proposed EECLA will be more energy-efficient
approach as compare to existing Cross layer approach.
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