Editorial
Open Access
Similarities and Differences Between Two Waves of Outbreaks
of Peste Des Petits Ruminants in China
Shao-Lun Zhai*, Xiao-Peng Li, Xiao-Hui Wen, Dian-Hong Lv, Wen-Kang Wei
Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease
Prevention, Guangzhou 510640, China.
*Corresponding author: Dr. Shao-Lun Zhai, Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural
Sciences, No. 21 Baishigang Street, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China, 510640; E-mail: zhaishaolun@163.com
Received: Oct 30, 2015; Accepted: Jan 28, 2016; Published: Feb 11, 2016
Citation: Zhai SL, Li XP, Wen XH, Lv DH, Wei WK (2016) Similarities and differences between two waves of outbreaks of peste des
petits ruminants in China. J Virol Retrovirol 2(1):1-1.
To the Editor
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) caused by peste des petits
ruminant virus (PPRV) was considered as the most important
viralv disease in small ruminants, which had high morbidity and
mortality [1]. In 2007, the first wave PPR outbreak occurred in
Tibet, China [2]. In the past three years (January 2011-November
2013), no PPR cases were reported in Tibet or elsewhere in China
[3]. However, in the end of 2013, PPR outbreak of wave 2 initially
occurred in Xinjiang, China, and then spreaded throughout
mainland China [4, 5].
To compare with the two waves of outbreaks, we obtained some similarities and differences, specifically: First, there were some similarities as follows. a). They all initially emerged in the two largest frontier rural and pastoral areas, the first outbreak point of wave 1 was Rutog County (bordering with India and and close to Pakistan), Tibet, southwest China, meanwhile, the first outbreak point of wave 2 was Huocheng County (bordering with Kazakhstan and close to Tajikistan), Xinjiang, northwest China; b). PPRVs almost belonged to Lineage IV, and were close to viral strains from Pakistan and Tajikistan. Second, the differences were mainly manifested in the following points. a). Wave 2 had more widespread ranges and harmness than wave 1 (only restricting in Tibet); b). Huocheng County had better transportation network (Railways, highways, national road) than Rutog County (Only national road), which might contribute to big outbreak of wave 2; c). Wave 1 and wave 2 occured in summer and winter, respectively; d). Live goat transaction markets (especially from Shandong province) played an important role for the spread of wave 2; e). Blind importation and illegal crossregion transportation of unidentified goats resulted in the spread of wave 2; f). Vaccine distribution and vaccination were also not in place in wave 2.
From the above comparisons, we could obtain some valuable experiences and lessons, and further take corresponding actions or mesures in response to the ongoing spread and future eradication of PPR in China.
To compare with the two waves of outbreaks, we obtained some similarities and differences, specifically: First, there were some similarities as follows. a). They all initially emerged in the two largest frontier rural and pastoral areas, the first outbreak point of wave 1 was Rutog County (bordering with India and and close to Pakistan), Tibet, southwest China, meanwhile, the first outbreak point of wave 2 was Huocheng County (bordering with Kazakhstan and close to Tajikistan), Xinjiang, northwest China; b). PPRVs almost belonged to Lineage IV, and were close to viral strains from Pakistan and Tajikistan. Second, the differences were mainly manifested in the following points. a). Wave 2 had more widespread ranges and harmness than wave 1 (only restricting in Tibet); b). Huocheng County had better transportation network (Railways, highways, national road) than Rutog County (Only national road), which might contribute to big outbreak of wave 2; c). Wave 1 and wave 2 occured in summer and winter, respectively; d). Live goat transaction markets (especially from Shandong province) played an important role for the spread of wave 2; e). Blind importation and illegal crossregion transportation of unidentified goats resulted in the spread of wave 2; f). Vaccine distribution and vaccination were also not in place in wave 2.
From the above comparisons, we could obtain some valuable experiences and lessons, and further take corresponding actions or mesures in response to the ongoing spread and future eradication of PPR in China.
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the grant (No. 201531) from
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
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