Research Article
Open Access
Techniques of Enhancing Induced Secondary
Voltage
R. Subrahmanyam
Department of Physics, JNTU, Ananthapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
*Corresponding author: R. Subrahmanyam, Retd. Professor & Head, Department of Physics, JNTU, Ananthapur, Andhra Pradesh, India, Email:
@
Received: March 10, 2017; Accepted: April 25, 2017; Published: May 17, 2017
Citation: Subrahmanyam. R (2017) Techniques of Enhancing Induced Secondary Voltage. Nanosci Technol 4(1):1-4. DOI: 10.15226/2374-8141/4/1/00144
AbstractTop
Two cylindrical copper coils (inductors) are kept one inside the
other. A ferromagnetic cylindrical road (core) is kept inside the inner
coil. AC voltage given to the inner coil (primary) induces voltage in
the outer coil (secondary). The amount of voltage induced is given by
faraday’s law of induction. It is observed that instead of using a single
primary coil if multiple primaries are used and the same voltage
applied to the single primary is applied to all primaries connected
in series, the voltage induced in the secondary increases while the
current through the primary decreases. This saves a lot of electrical
energy. Detailed studies on the use of multiple primaries are reported
in this paper. This Principle is used to redesign the transformer.
Keywords: Induced secondary voltage; Ferro magnetic Core; Inductance; Primary Coil; Secondary Coil
Keywords: Induced secondary voltage; Ferro magnetic Core; Inductance; Primary Coil; Secondary Coil
Introduction
The author is investigating several techniques to get
more induced secondary voltage than given by Faradays law. He
observed that the induced secondary voltage in an iron cored
copper coil can be increased 1. By increasing the temperature of
the core and 2. By enclosing the iron cored coil in an aluminium
tube [1,2]. Another method for increasing induced secondary
voltage by using multiple primaries is described in this paper.
Description of Experimental Setup
Primaries
APoly vinyal chloride cylindrical tube of length 22 cms
and diameter 4 cm is wound with an insulated copper wire of
gauge number 19. Ten CRGO laminations of rectangular in shape
are passed through the tube. The width, thickness and length of
lamination are 3.8 cms, 0.3 cms and 50 cm. These act as cores.
This entire assembly act as primary. This is shown in figure 1 six
such primaries are assembled. The DC resistance of each coil is
0.8 ohms. The AC impedance of each coil is 4.2 ohms.
Figure 1:Primary Coil
Secondary
A Poly vinyal chloride tube of length 22 cms and
diameter 16 cms is wound with an insulated copper wire of
gauge number 26.The number of turns are 500. This is shown in
figure 2. The DC resistance of the secondary is 22.4 ohms. The AC
impedance of the secondary is 130 ohms.
Figure 2:Secondary Coil
All the six primary coils are kept inside the secondary.
The 10 CRGO laminations in each tube are connected end to end.
As the ends are connected they enclose the secondary turns also.
This is shown in figure 3. This is repeated for the remaining five
coils.
Figure 3:Arrangement of Primary and Secondary Coils
Load
A Poly vinyal chloride tube of length 22 cms and
diameter 8cm is wound with an insulated copper wire of gauge
number 28. The DC resistance of the coil is 12 ohms. The AC
impedance of the coil is 13 ohms.
The voltage to primary coils is supplied by a variac of 220V and 15 amps. The voltages and currents in primary and secondary circuits are measured using digital multimeter.
The voltage to primary coils is supplied by a variac of 220V and 15 amps. The voltages and currents in primary and secondary circuits are measured using digital multimeter.
Experimental Procedure
Measurement of Induced Secondary Voltage and
Current
AC voltage (VP) is applied to single primary coil P1. The
primary current IP, the secondary voltage VS and the secondary
current IS are measured. IP’ is the primary current corresponding
to the secondary current Is. The second primary P2 is connected
in series with the first primary P1. The same primary voltage
is applied to the combination of P1 and P2. The corresponding
primary current IP, secondary voltage VS and the secondary
current Is are measured. The procedure is repeated for the
remaining four primary coils.
Measurement of Load Voltage and Load Current
The load inductor is connected in series with the
secondary. A voltage VP is given to the primary coil P1. The
primary current IP the load voltage VL and current through
load IL are measured. The above procedure is repeated for
primaries (P1+P2), (P1+P2+P3), (P1+P2+P3+P4), (P1+P2+P3+P4+P5),
(P+P2+P3+P4+P5+P6).
Measurement of Power Factor
Open circuit and short circuit tests are performed for all
the primaries connecting one by one in series.
Observations & Calculations
Table 1:Variation of secondary Emf for multiple primary cores
Core Number |
VP(volts) |
IP(Amperes) |
VS(volts) |
IS(Amperes) |
IP’(Amperes) |
cosΦ |
PP=VPIP cosΦ(watts) |
PP’=VPIP’cosΦ(watts) |
α=PP/VS (jouls/volt) |
β=PP’/IS(jolus/Ampere) |
P1 |
15 |
12.17 |
15.8 |
0.0151 |
11.8 |
1 |
190.5 |
177 |
12.05 |
11800 |
P1+P2 |
15 |
3.94 |
33.0 |
0.037 |
3.9 |
0.57 |
33.687 |
33.34 |
0.7 |
901 |
P1+P2+P3 |
15 |
1.24 |
45.1 |
0.2 |
1.6 |
0.86 |
16.163 |
20.856 |
0.36 |
104 |
P1+P2+P3+P4 |
15 |
0.59 |
49.7 |
0.4 |
1.62 |
0.79 |
6.99 |
19.2 |
0.14 |
48 |
P1+P2+P3+P4+P5 |
15 |
0.23 |
51.5 |
0.52 |
1.94 |
0.65 |
2.24 |
18.9 |
0.043 |
36.34 |
P1+P2+P3+P4+P5+P6 |
15 |
0.15 |
52.5 |
0.59 |
2.11 |
0.41 |
0.922 |
12.97 |
0.017 |
1.56 |
In Table I is shown the variation of I6, VS, IS and IP’ as the
primary cores are increasing from P1 to P6 for a primary voltage
of 15 volts. The power in the primary PP is calculated using the
formula PP=VPIPcosΦ. The ratio between PP and VS gives the primary
power required to produce one volt in the secondary. This is
represented by α. Similarly β is the primary power required to
get a current of 1ampere in secondary.
In Table II is shown variation of IP, VS, IS and IP’ with variation of primary voltage for a single primary coil P1 similar results for 4 and 6 primaries are shown in Tables III and Table IV.
In Table V is shown the variation of IP, VL and IL with variation of cores from 1 to 6 for a primary voltage of 15.5 volts. The load resistance is 52 Ω. The input power PIN and output PL is calculated as shown in the table. The ratio of PL to Pin gives efficiency and it is also shown in the Table V.
In Table VI and Table VII are shown the results of OC and SC tests for all the earlier combination of cores.
In Table II is shown variation of IP, VS, IS and IP’ with variation of primary voltage for a single primary coil P1 similar results for 4 and 6 primaries are shown in Tables III and Table IV.
In Table V is shown the variation of IP, VL and IL with variation of cores from 1 to 6 for a primary voltage of 15.5 volts. The load resistance is 52 Ω. The input power PIN and output PL is calculated as shown in the table. The ratio of PL to Pin gives efficiency and it is also shown in the Table V.
In Table VI and Table VII are shown the results of OC and SC tests for all the earlier combination of cores.
Table 2:Variation of Vs & Is with Vp for single primary
VP(volts) |
IP(Amperes) |
VS(volts) |
IS(Amperes |
IP’(Amperes) |
1.51 |
0.066 |
5.27 |
6.2 |
85 |
4.5 |
1.15 |
12.7 |
12.3 |
1.03 |
10.13 |
7.1 |
15.2 |
14.6 |
7.0 |
15.1 |
11.9 |
15.4 |
15.1 |
11.73 |
Table 3:Variation of Vs & Is with Vp for four primary cores
VP(volts) |
IP(Amperes) |
VS(volts) |
IS(Amperes) |
IP’(Amperes) |
1.64 |
27.7 |
5.5 |
11.1 |
63.7 |
1.49 |
61.7 |
16.56 |
28.3 |
157 |
10.2 |
153 |
34.5 |
171.5 |
0.73 |
15.15 |
0.56 |
49.1 |
0.37 |
1.5 |
20.1 |
1.39 |
61.5 |
0.63 |
2.6 |
25.1 |
2.66 |
70.0 |
0.89 |
3.73 |
31.6 |
4.60 |
73.2 |
1.2 |
5.3 |
41.1 |
7.44 |
76.1 |
1.63 |
7.7 |
52.5 |
10.54 |
78.5 |
1.96 |
10.52 |
Table 4:Variation of Vs & Is with Vp for six primary cores
VP(volts) |
IP(Amperes) |
VS(volts) |
IS(Amperes) |
IP’(Amperes) |
1.6 |
0.0214 |
5.6 |
0.0432 |
0.1532 |
4.1 |
0.0408 |
14.1 |
0.1051 |
0.46 |
10.5 |
0.0851 |
35.4 |
0.41 |
1.49 |
15.3 |
0.15 |
52.4 |
0.6 |
2.14 |
20.4 |
0.38 |
69.2 |
0.81 |
2.92 |
25.7 |
0.9 |
84.6 |
1.02 |
3.7 |
30.5 |
1.4 |
97.9 |
1.25 |
4.54 |
35.1 |
2.19 |
108 |
1.45 |
5.23 |
40.2 |
3.16 |
114 |
1.66 |
6.00 |
50.7 |
5.17 |
118 |
2.12 |
7.7 |
60.1 |
6.87 |
121 |
2.46 |
9.03 |
85.1 |
10.26 |
123.3 |
3.06 |
11.27 |
Table 5:Variation of Efficiency with Primary Cores for a Load Resistance of 52 Ohms
No of Coils |
VP(volts) |
IP(Amperes) |
Pin= VPIP cosΦ(watts) |
VL(volts) |
IL(Amperes) |
PL= VLIL (watts) |
Ƞ=PL/PE |
P1 |
16.9 |
17 |
100 |
0.809 |
0.0159 |
0.12 |
1.2 |
P1+P2 |
19.7 |
8.06 |
100 |
2.08 |
0.0414 |
0.0886 |
8.6 |
P1+P2+P3 |
26.3 |
6.67 |
100 |
14.77 |
0.29 |
4.3 |
4.3 |
P1+P2+P3+P4 |
31.4 |
5.55 |
100 |
31.1 |
0.61 |
18.9 |
19 |
P1+P2+P3+P4+P5 |
34.2 |
4.67 |
100 |
42.1 |
0.84 |
35.36 |
35 |
P1+P2+P3+P4+P5+P6 |
34.3 |
4.24 |
100 |
45.6 |
0.89 |
40.6 |
40 |
Table 6:Open circuit test for multiple primary coils
No of Coils |
VOC(volts) |
IOC(amperes) |
Power |
Power factor |
2 |
33.6 |
13.74 |
264 |
0.57 |
3 |
35.6 |
9.37 |
290 |
0.86 |
4 |
37.3 |
6.44 |
190 |
0.79 |
5 |
38.4 |
4.4 |
110 |
0.65 |
6 |
39.3 |
3.1 |
50 |
0.41 |
Table 7:Short circuit test for multiple primary coils
No of Coils |
VSC |
ISC |
Power |
1 |
11.4 |
8.5 |
100 |
2 |
24.1 |
9.07 |
200 |
3 |
25.8 |
5.6 |
100 |
4 |
26.4 |
4.34 |
100 |
5 |
26.5 |
4.27 |
100 |
6 |
26.6 |
4.22 |
100 |
Results
Table I shows that α and β are decreasing as the number
of cores are increasing. The electrical power required producing
1 volt and 1amp current in secondary are decreasing with
increase of cores. For example in case of a single core 2.67 watts
of power in primary is required to produce 1 volt in secondary.
This power is reduced to 0.008 watts for six cores.
As seen from Tables II, Tables III and Tables IV the range of operation before saturation is increasing as primary cores are increasing. The maximum voltage for a single core is 15.2 volts, for four cores 52.5 volts and for six cores 85 volts.
Table V shows that the power transferred to the load increases as the number of cores are increasing (The primary is remaining constant). The efficiency increases with multiple cores.
As seen from Tables II, Tables III and Tables IV the range of operation before saturation is increasing as primary cores are increasing. The maximum voltage for a single core is 15.2 volts, for four cores 52.5 volts and for six cores 85 volts.
Table V shows that the power transferred to the load increases as the number of cores are increasing (The primary is remaining constant). The efficiency increases with multiple cores.
Conclusions
Thus by using multiple cores the voltage induced in the
secondary and the power delivered to the load increases compared
to single core. This increase in output voltage and current
is obtained not by increasing input electrical power but by
decreasing the input electrical power. This helps to save lot of
electrical energy. This principle can be applied to transformers
thereby saving larger amounts of electrical energy.
ReferencesTop
- R.Subrahmanyam. Temperature coefficients of permeability and induced EMF in ferro magnetic Material. J.pure Appl. Phys. 2009;21(2):273-280.
- R.Subrahmanyam. Effect of Aluminium Enclosures on Induced EMF. Procedia Materials Science. 2014;6:444-449
